Question 1 If a person fails to develop a sense of integrity and self-respect in later adulthood, feelings of __________ tend to result, and aging and death then become sources of fear. a. Despair. b. Isolation c. Mistrust. d. Stagnation. Question 2 Most genetic characteristics are determined by the interaction of many genes working together. This is known as: a. Dominant genetics. b. Recessive genetics. c. Polygenetic characteristics. d. Maturation. Question 3 In cognitive theory terms, a child who can understand the rules of a game but does not yet think in complex strategy is in the _____________ stage. a. Formal operations. b. Sensorimotor. c. Preoperational. d. Concrete operational. Question 4 Achieving sexual maturity is mostly governed by __________, while learning to swim or to use a computer is primarily a matter of __________. a. Nurture, nature. b. Nature, nurture. c. Heredity, nature. d. Nurture, heredity. Question 5 According to psychosocial theory, if an infant receives inadequate care, he or she can develop a sense of ______________. a. Trust. b. Autonomy. c. Mistrust. d. Shame. Question 6 The normal order of language development in infancy is a. Cooing, crying, babbling, telegraphic speech. b. Crying, cooing, babbling, single-word, telegraphic speech. c. Cooing, babbling, crying, telegraphic speech. d. Telegraphic crying, cooing, babbling, elemental speech. Question 7 Joe’s parents allow him the same privileges as an adult and are inconsistent about requiring responsibilities from him. Baumrind identified this type of parenting as: a. Authoritative. b. Authoritarian. c. Overly permissive. d. None of the above. Question 8 In ______________, new information is incorporated into an existing schema, whereas in ____________, the information is different enough that an existing schema changes to make sense of the new information. a. Accommodation, assimilation. b. Object permanence, transformation. c. Transformation, object permanence. d. Assimilation, accommodation. Question 9 A(n) ___________ intellectual disability may result from damage due to teratogens, a lack of oxygen at birth, or defective genes. a. Familial. b. Organic c. Environmental. d. Biopsychosocial. Question 10 According to Izard, the most common infant expression is __________ rather than __________. a. General excitement, interest. b. Interest, general excitement. c. Anger, joy. d. Joy, anger. Question 1 1 Stella touched the hot stove and had the ____________________ of a burned finger. After that, she was always careful around the stove. a. Positive reinforcement. b. Aversive consequence. c. Response cost. d. Secondary reinforcement. Question 2 Although Sydney was not feeling very well, she went to her favorite restaurant for lunch. After eating the food, she became very sick. Upon going to the doctor, she found out that it was a stomach virus that had made her sick, not the food. However, the next time she went to that restaurant and smelled the food, she immediately felt nauseous. In this story, the unconditioned response (UR) was: a. The smell of the food. b. The stomach virus. c. Getting sick. d. Eating the food. Question 13 After taking a psychology course, Derek’s mother learned that she had inadvertently reinforced the undesirable behavior of crying for candy by buying him candy each time they went to the grocery store. She stopped allowing him to have candy each time he cried for candy at the store. At first, Derek tried harder, but his mother ignored him. Eventually, he stopped crying for it. By not rewarding the previously reinforced undesirable behavior, his mother was able to stop the behavior through: a. Imitation. b. Behavioral contracting. c. Operant extinction. d. All of the above. Question 14 If Larry learned to fear rats by observing his mother’s extreme, irrational fear of rats, Larry developed his fear through: a. Classical conditioning. b. Vicarious classical conditioning. c. Operant conditioning. d. Insight learning. Question 15 Every time a video player moves, the game instantly provides sounds, animated actions, and a higher or lower score. This situation illustrates _________, which underlie(s) learning. a. Primary reinforcers. b. Feedback. c. Training trials. d. Motivational skill building. Question 16 A strategy that can help reduce bad habits is: a. Breaking response chains. b. Reinforcing alternative responses. c. Avoiding antecedent cues. d. All of the above. Question 17 When Brady heard the annoying buzzing sound his car was making, he fastened his seatbelt, and the noise stopped. Removing this aversive sound is an example of: a. Extinction. b. Punishment. c. Positive reinforcement. d. Negative reinforcement. Question 18 ____________ is a way to promote self-management through tracking of activities or behaviors. a. Self-recording. b. Self-punishment. c. Stimulus discrimination. d. Stimulus generalization. Question 19 It is possible for both animals and people to become superstitious when: a. A series of behaviors is reinforced b. They perform a behavior that seems to produce a reinforcer, even though there is actually no connection. c. Behavior is gradually shaped. d. Behavior is negatively reinforced Question 20 Reinforcement is any event that: a. Is considered a pleasant experience by a majority of individuals. b. Increases the probability that a particular response will occur. c. Involves classical conditioning. d. Serves as a bribe that will entice the individual to repeat a response. Looking for the best essay writer? Click below to have a customized paper written as per your requirements.
